SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 4 POPULATION
NCERT BOOK SOLUTIONS GEOGRAPHY
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) The area of departure
(b) The area of arrival
(c) Both the area of departure and arrival
(d) None of the above
Answer: - (c) Both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) High birth rates
(b) High life expectancies
(c) High death rates
(d) More married couples
Answer: - (a) High birth rates
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) The total population of an area
(b) The number of persons added each year
(c) The rate at which the population increases
(d) The numbers of females per thousand males
Answer: - (b) the number of persons added each year
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) Can read and write his/her name
(b) Can read and write any language
(c) Is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) Knows the 3 R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Answer: - Is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
2. Answer the following questions briefly
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
Answer: -The rate of population growth in India declining since 1981 so many reasons. These are
(a) Improve quality of life
(b) Improve women’s education
(c) Raising the mean age of marriage
In addition to above the reasons since 1981, the rate of growth started declining gradually. During this period, birth rates declined rapidly.
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
Answer: - Population is a dynamic phenomenon. Birth rate, death rate and migrations are the major elements of the population growth. The birth rate is highly increased with a lower death rate leads to population is rising. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
Answer: -
Age structure:
The population of a nation is generally grouped into three broad categories
(a) Children (generally below 15 years)
(b) Working Age (15-59 years)
(c) Aged (Above 59 years)
Death Rate:
The number of deaths per 1000 persons is called death rate
Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1000 persons is called birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Answer: - Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries)
Migration is an important determinant of population change. It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age and sex composition. In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of population in cities and towns.
3. Distinguish between population growth and population change?
Answer: - Population Growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time. Population Change refers to changes in population composition; like age structure, sex ratio, life expectancy, literacy rate, etc.,
4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Answer: - Occupational structure very highly effects the development of a country. Major portion of the population in India is depending on the Agricultural sector for employment, which is one of the reasons for lack of development in India. Examples of very well-developed countries suggest that when a greater portion of the population engaged in Manufacturing sector and Service sectors.
5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
Answer: - According to UNDP health indicator is the main resource of a country. Healthy people’s leads to healthy children, healthy children’s leads to healthy elders would mean less strain on the resources. Healthy people help in building a productive workforce for the economy.
6. What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Answer: - The National Population Policy is a culmination of years of planned efforts.
Important Features:
(a) Free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age
(b) Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
(c) Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases
(d) Promoting delayed marriage for girls and
(e) Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
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